Edoxaban Tosylate

SAVAYSA is a factor Xa inhibitor indicated: To reduce the risk of stroke and systemic embolism (SE) in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) ( 1.1 ) Limitation of Use for NVAF SAVAYSA should not be used in patients with creatinine clearance (CrCL) > 95 mL/min because of increased risk of ischemic stroke compared to warfarin at the highest dose studied (60 mg) ( 1.1 ) SAVAYSA is indicated for the treatment of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) following 5 to 10 days of initial therapy with a parenteral anticoagulant ( 1.2 )

1.1 Reduction in the Risk of Stroke and Systemic Embolism in Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation SAVAYSA is indicated to reduce the risk of stroke and systemic embolism (SE) in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). Limitation of Use for NVAF SAVAYSA should not be used in patients with CrCL > 95 mL/min because of an increased risk of ischemic stroke compared to warfarin [see Dosage and Administration (2.1) , Warnings and Precautions (5.1) and Clinical Studies (14.1) ] .

1.2 Treatment of Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism SAVAYSA is indicated for the treatment of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) following 5 to 10 days of initial therapy with a parenteral anticoagulant.

60 mg, yellow round shaped, film-coated tablets, debossed with DSC L60 on one side 30 mg, pink round shaped, film-coated tablets, debossed with DSC L30 on one side 15 mg, orange round shaped, film-coated tablets, debossed with DSC L15 on one side Tablets: 60 mg, 30 mg, and 15 mg ( 3 )

SAVAYSA is contraindicated in patients with: Active pathological bleeding [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) and Adverse Reactions (6.1) ] . Active pathological bleeding ( 4 )

Bleeding: Serious and potentially fatal bleeding. Promptly evaluate signs and symptoms of blood loss ( 5.3 ) Mechanical Heart Valves or Moderate to Severe Mitral Stenosis: Use is not recommended ( 5.5 ) Increased Risk of Thrombosis in Patients with Triple Positive Antiphospholipid Syndrome: SAVAYSA use not recommended. ( 5.6 )

5.1 Reduced Efficacy in Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation Patients with CrCL > 95 mL/min SAVAYSA should not be used in patients with CrCL > 95 mL/min. In the randomized ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 study, NVAF patients with CrCL > 95 mL/min had an increased rate of ischemic stroke with SAVAYSA 60 mg daily compared to patients treated with warfarin. In these patients another anticoagulant should be used [see Dosage and Administration (2.1) and Clinical Studies (14.1) ] .

5.2 Increased Risk of Stroke with Discontinuation of SAVAYSA in Patients with Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation Premature discontinuation of any oral anticoagulant in the absence of adequate alternative anticoagulation increases the risk of ischemic events. If SAVAYSA is discontinued for a reason other than pathological bleeding or completion of a course of therapy, consider coverage with another anticoagulant as described in the transition guidance [see Dosage and Administration (2.4) and Clinical Studies (14.1) ] .

5.3 Risk of Bleeding SAVAYSA increases the risk of bleeding and can cause serious and potentially fatal bleeding. Promptly evaluate any signs or symptoms of blood loss. Discontinue SAVAYSA in patients with active pathological bleeding. Concomitant use of drugs affecting hemostasis may increase the risk of bleeding. These include aspirin and other antiplatelet agents, other antithrombotic agents, fibrinolytic therapy, chronic use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) [see Drug Interactions (7.1) ] . Reversal of Anticoagulant Effect There is no established way to reverse the anticoagulant effects of SAVAYSA, which can be expected to persist for approximately 24 hours after the last dose. The anticoagulant effect of SAVAYSA cannot be reliably monitored with standard laboratory testing. A specific reversal agent for edoxaban is not available. Hemodialysis does not significantly contribute to edoxaban clearance [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ] . Protamine sulfate, vitamin K, and tranexamic acid are not expected to reverse the anticoagulant activity of SAVAYSA. The use of prothrombin complex concentrates (PCC), or other procoagulant reversal agents such as activated prothrombin complex concentrate (APCC) or recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa) may be considered but has not been evaluated in clinical outcome studies [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.2) ] . When PCCs are used, monitoring for anticoagulation effect of edoxaban using clotting test (PT, INR, or aPTT) or anti-FXa activity is not useful and is not recommended.

5.4 Spinal/Epidural Anesthesia or Puncture When neuraxial anesthesia (spinal/epidural anesthesia) or spinal/epidural puncture is employed, patients treated with antithrombotic agents for prevention of thromboembolic complications are at risk of developing an epidural or spinal hematoma, which can result in long-term or permanent paralysis. The risk of these events may be increased by the postoperative use of indwelling epidural catheters or the concomitant use of medicinal products affecting hemostasis. Indwelling epidural or intrathecal catheters should not be removed earlier than 12 hours after the last administration of SAVAYSA. The next dose of SAVAYSA should not be administered earlier than 2 hours after the removal of the catheter. The risk may also be increased by traumatic or repeated epidural or spinal puncture. Monitor patients frequently for signs and symptoms of neurological impairment (e.g., numbness or weakness of the legs, bowel, or bladder dysfunction). If neurological compromise is noted, urgent diagnosis and treatment is necessary. Prior to neuraxial intervention the physician should consider the potential benefit versus the risk in anticoagulated patients or in patients to be anticoagulated for thromboprophylaxis.

5.5 Patients with Mechanical Heart Valves or Moderate to Severe Mitral Stenosis The safety and efficacy of SAVAYSA has not been studied in patients with mechanical heart valves or moderate to severe mitral stenosis. The use of SAVAYSA is not recommended in these patients [see Clinical Studies (14.1) ] .

5.6 Increased Risk of Thrombosis in Patients with Triple Positive Antiphospholipid Syndrome Direct-acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs), including SAVAYSA, are not recommended for use in patients with triple positive antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). For patients with APS (especially those who are triple positive [positive for lupus anticoagulant, anticardiolipin antibodies, and anti-beta 2-glycoprotein I antibodies]), treatment with DOACs has been associated with increased rates of recurrent thrombotic events compared with vitamin K antagonist therapy.

The following clinically significant adverse reactions are discussed in greater detail in other sections of the prescribing information. Increased Risk of Stroke with Discontinuation of SAVAYSA in Patients with Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ] Risk of Bleeding [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) ] Spinal/Epidural Anesthesia or Puncture [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4) ] Treatment of NVAF : The most common adverse reactions (≥ 5%) are bleeding and anemia ( 6.1 ) Treatment of DVT and PE : The most common adverse reactions (≥ 1%) are bleeding, rash, abnormal liver function tests and anemia ( 6.1 ) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Daiichi Sankyo, Inc. at 1-877-437-7763 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.

6.1 Clinical Trials Experience Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. The safety of SAVAYSA was evaluated in the ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48, Hokusai VTE, and Hokusai VTE Cancer studies including 11,530 patients exposed to SAVAYSA 60 mg and 7124 patients exposed to SAVAYSA 30 mg once daily [see Clinical Studies (14) ] . The ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 Study In the ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 study, the median study drug exposure for the SAVAYSA and warfarin treatment groups was 2.5 years. Bleeding was the most common reason for treatment discontinuation. Bleeding led to treatment discontinuation in 3.9% and 4.1% of patients in the SAVAYSA 60 mg and warfarin treatment groups, respectively. In the overall population, major bleeding was lower in the SAVAYSA group compared to the warfarin group [HR 0.80 (0.70, 0.91), p < 0.001]. Table 6.1 shows major bleeding events (percentage of patients with at least one bleeding event, per year) for the indicated population (CrCL ≤ 95 mL/min). Table 6.1: Adjudicated Bleeding Events for NVAF Patients with CrCL ≤ 95 mL/min The on-treatment period is during treatment or within 2 days of stopping study treatment. The difference in hemorrhagic stroke rate from Table 14.1 is because Table 14.1 includes events occurring during treatment or within 3 days of stopping study treatment and this table only includes patients with CrCL ≤ 95 mL/min. Event A subject can be included in multiple sub-categories if he/she had an event for those categories. SAVAYSA 60 mg Includes all patients with CrCL ≤ 95 mL/min randomized to receive 60 mg once daily, including those who were dose-reduced to 30 mg once daily because of prespecified baseline conditions. N = 5417 n (%/year) Warfarin N = 5485 n (%/year) SAVAYSA 60 mg vs. Warfarin HR (95% CI) Abbreviations: HR = Hazard Ratio versus Warfarin, CI = Confidence Interval, n = number of patients with events, N = number of patients in Safety population, Major Bleeding A major bleeding event (the study primary safety endpoint) was defined as clinically overt bleeding that met one of the following criteria: fatal bleeding; symptomatic bleeding in a critical site such as retroperitoneal, intracranial, intraocular, intraspinal, intra-articular, pericardial, or intramuscular with compartment syndrome; a clinically overt bleeding event that caused a fall in hemoglobin of at least 2.0 g/dL (or a fall in hematocrit of at least 6.0% in the absence of hemoglobin data), when adjusted for transfusions (1 unit of transfusion = 1.0 g/dL drop in hemoglobin). 357 (3.1) 431 (3.7) 0.84 (0.73, 0.97) Intracranial Hemorrhage (ICH) ICH includes primary hemorrhagic stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage, epidural/subdural hemorrhage, and ischemic stroke with major hemorrhagic conversion. 53 (0.5) 122 (1.0) 0.44 (0.32, 0.61) Hemorrhagic Stroke 33 (0.3) 69 (0.6) 0.49 (0.32, 0.74) Other ICH 20 (0.2) 55 (0.5) 0.37 (0.22, 0.62) Gastrointestinal Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeds include bleeding from upper and lower GI tract. Lower GI tract bleeding includes rectal bleeds. 205 (1.8) 150 (1.3) 1.40 (1.13, 1.73) Fatal Bleeding Fatal bleed is a bleeding event during the on-treatment period and adjudicated as leading directly to death within 7 days. 21 (0.2) 42 (0.4) 0.51 (0.30, 0.86) ICH 19 (0.2) 36 (0.3) 0.54 (0.31, 0.94) Non-intracranial 2 (< 0.1) 6 (< 0.1) —- The most common site of a major bleeding event was the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Table 6.2 shows the number of and the rate at which patients experienced GI bleeding in the SAVAYSA 60 mg and warfarin treatment groups. Table 6.2: Gastrointestinal Bleeding Events for NVAF Patients with CrCL ≤ 95 mL/min During or within 2 days of stopping study treatment SAVAYSA N = 5417 n (%/year) Warfarin N = 5485 n (%/year) Major Gastrointestinal (GI) Bleeding GI bleeding was defined by location as upper or lower GI 205 (1.78) 150 (1.27) Upper GI 123 (1.06) 88 (0.74) Lower GI Lower GI bleeding included anorectal bleeding 85 (0.73) 64 (0.54) GUSTO GUSTO – Severe or life-threatening bleeding that caused hemodynamic compromise and requires intervention Severe GI bleeding 16 (0.14) 17 (0.14) Fatal GI bleeding 1 (< 0.1) 2 (< 0.1) The rate of anemia-related adverse events was greater with SAVAYSA 60 mg than with warfarin (9.6% vs. 6.8%). The comparative rates of major bleeding on SAVAYSA and warfarin were generally consistent among subgroups ( see Figure 6.1 ). Bleeding rates appeared higher in both treatment arms (SAVAYSA and warfarin) in the following subgroups of patients: those receiving aspirin, those in the United States, those more than 75 years old and those with reduced renal function. Figure 6.1: Adjudicated Major Bleeding in the ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 During or within 2 days of stopping study treatment Study Note: The figure above presents effects in various subgroups all of which are baseline characteristics and most of which were pre-specified. The 95% confidence limits that are shown do not take into account how many comparisons were made, nor do they reflect the effect of a particular factor after adjustment for all other factors. Apparent homogeneity or heterogeneity among groups should not be over-interpreted. Figure

6.1 Other Adverse Reactions The most common non-bleeding adverse reactions (≥ 1%) for SAVAYSA 60 mg versus warfarin were rash (4.2% vs. 4.1%), and abnormal liver function tests (4.8% vs. 4.6%), respectively. Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD) was reported as a serious adverse event on treatment for SAVAYSA 60 mg and warfarin in 15 (0.2%) and 7 (0.1%) patients, respectively. Many of the cases in both treatment groups were confounded by the use of amiodarone, which has been associated with ILD, or by infectious pneumonia. In the overall study period, there were 5 and 0 fatal ILD cases in the SAVAYSA 60 mg and warfarin groups, respectively. The Hokusai VTE Study The safety of SAVAYSA in the treatment of VTE was assessed in the Hokusai VTE study. The duration of drug exposure for SAVAYSA was ≤ 6 months for 1561 (37.9%) of patients, > 6 months for 2557 (62.1%) of patients and 12 months for 1661 (40.3%) of patients. Bleeding was the most common reason for treatment discontinuation and occurred in 1.4% and 1.4% of patients in the SAVAYSA and warfarin arms, respectively. Bleeding in Patients with DVT and/or PE in the Hokusai VTE Study The major safety outcome was Clinically Relevant Bleeding, defined as the composite of Major and Clinically Relevant Non-Major (CRNM) Bleeding that occurred during or within three days of stopping study treatment. The incidence of Clinically Relevant Bleeding was lower in SAVAYSA than warfarin [HR (95% CI): 0.81 (0.71, 0.94); p = 0.004]. Table 6.3 shows the number of patients experiencing bleeding events in the Hokusai VTE Study. […]

Anticoagulants, Antiplatelets, Thrombolytics, and Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)/Serotonin Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs): Avoid concomitant use due to increased risk of bleeding. ( 7.1 ) Rifampin: Avoid concomitant use ( 7.2 )

7.1 Anticoagulants, Antiplatelets, Thrombolytics, and SSRIs/SNRIs Co-administration of anticoagulants, antiplatelet drugs, thrombolytics and SSRIs or SNRIs may increase the risk of bleeding. Promptly evaluate any signs or symptoms of blood loss if patients are treated concomitantly with anticoagulants, aspirin, other platelet aggregation inhibitors, and/or NSAIDs [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) ] . Long-term concomitant treatment with SAVAYSA and other anticoagulants is not recommended because of increased risk of bleeding [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) ] . Short term co-administration may be needed for patients transitioning to or from SAVAYSA [see Dosage and Administration (2.4) ] . In clinical studies with SAVAYSA concomitant use of aspirin (low dose ≤ 100 mg/day) or thienopyridines, and NSAIDs was permitted and resulted in increased rates of Clinically Relevant Bleeding. Carefully monitor for bleeding in patients who require chronic treatment with low dose aspirin and/or NSAIDs [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ] . As with other anticoagulants the possibility may exist that patients are at an increased risk of bleeding in case of concomitant use with SSRIs or SNRIs due to their reported effect on platelets [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) ]. 7.2 P-gp Inducers Avoid the concomitant use of SAVAYSA with rifampin [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ] . 7.3 P-gp Inhibitors Treatment of NVAF Based on clinical experience from the ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 study, dose reduction in patients concomitantly receiving P-gp inhibitors resulted in edoxaban blood levels that were lower than in patients who were given the full dose. Consequently, no dose reduction is recommended for concomitant P-gp inhibitor use [see Dosage and Administration (2.1) , Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) , and Clinical Studies (14.1) ] . Treatment of Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism [see Clinical Studies (14.2) ]

Lactation: Advise not to breastfeed. ( 8.2 ) Impaired renal function (CrCL 15 to 50 mL/min): Reduce dose ( 2.1 , 2.2 , 8.6 ) Moderate or severe hepatic impairment: Not recommended ( 8.7 )

8.1 Pregnancy Risk Summary Available data about SAVAYSA use in pregnant women are insufficient to determine whether there are drug-associated risks for adverse developmental outcomes. In animal developmental studies, no adverse developmental effects were seen when edoxaban was administered orally to pregnant rats and rabbits during organogenesis at up to 16-times and 8-times, respectively, the human exposure, when based on body surface area and AUC, respectively (see Data ) . The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2-4% and 15-20%, respectively. Clinical Considerations Disease-associated maternal and/or embryo/fetal risk Pregnancy confers an increased risk of thromboembolism that is higher for women with underlying thromboembolic disease and certain high-risk pregnancy conditions. Published data describe that women with a previous history of venous thrombosis are at high risk for recurrence during pregnancy. Fetal/Neonatal adverse reactions Use of anticoagulants, including edoxaban, may increase the risk of bleeding in the fetus and neonate. Monitor neonates for bleeding [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) ] . Labor or delivery All patients receiving anticoagulants, including pregnant women, are at risk for bleeding. SAVAYSA use during labor or delivery in women who are receiving neuraxial anesthesia may result in epidural or spinal hematomas. Consider use of a shorter acting anticoagulant as delivery approaches [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) ] . Data Animal Data Embryo-fetal development studies were conducted in pregnant rats and rabbits during the period of organogenesis. In rats, no malformation was seen when edoxaban was administered orally at doses up to 300 mg/kg/day, or 49 times the human dose of 60 mg/day normalized to body surface area. Increased post-implantation loss occurred at 300 mg/kg/day, but this effect may be secondary to the maternal vaginal hemorrhage seen at this dose. In rabbits, no malformation was seen at doses up to 600 mg/kg/day (49 times the human exposure at a dose of 60 mg/day when based on AUC). Embryo-fetal toxicities occurred at maternally toxic doses, and included absent or small fetal gallbladder at 600 mg/kg/day, and increased post-implantation loss, increased spontaneous abortion, and decreased live fetuses and fetal weight at doses equal to or greater than 200 mg/kg/day, which is equal to or greater than 20 times the human exposure. In a rat pre- and post-natal developmental study, edoxaban was administered orally during the period of organogenesis and through lactation day 20 at doses up to 30 mg/kg/day, which is up to 3 times the human exposure when based on AUC. Vaginal bleeding in pregnant rats and delayed avoidance response (a learning test) in female offspring were seen at 30 mg/kg/day.

8.2 Lactation Risk Summary There are no data on the presence of edoxaban in human milk, or its effects on the breastfeeding infant or on milk production. Edoxaban was present in rat milk. Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in nursing infants, including hemorrhage, advise patients that breastfeeding is not recommended during treatment with SAVAYSA.

8.3 Females and Males of Reproductive Potential Females of reproductive potential requiring anticoagulation should discuss pregnancy planning with their physician. The risk of clinically significant uterine bleeding, potentially requiring gynecological surgical interventions, identified with oral anticoagulants including SAVAYSA should be assessed in females of reproductive potential and those with abnormal uterine bleeding.

8.4 Pediatric Use The safety and effectiveness of SAVAYSA have not been established in pediatric patients with confirmed VTE (PE and/or DVT). Effectiveness was not demonstrated in an adequate and well-controlled study conducted in 145 SAVAYSA-treated pediatric patients, from birth to less than 18 years of age with confirmed VTE (PE and/or DVT), treated for 3 months up to a maximum of 12 months.

8.5 Geriatric Use Of the total patients in the ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 study, 5182 (74%) were 65 years and older, while 2838 (41%) were 75 years and older. In Hokusai VTE, 1334 (32%) patients were 65 years and older, while 560 (14%) patients were 75 years and older. In the Hokusai VTE Cancer Study, 539 (52%) patients were 65 years and older and 176 (17%) were 75 years and older. In clinical trials the efficacy and safety of SAVAYSA in elderly (65 years or older) and younger patients were similar [see Adverse Reactions (6.1) , Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) , and Clinical Studies (14) ] .

8.6 Renal Impairment Renal clearance accounts for approximately 50% of the total clearance of edoxaban. Consequently, edoxaban blood levels are increased in patients with poor renal function compared to those with higher renal function. Reduce SAVAYSA dose to 30 mg once daily in patients with CrCL 15-50 mL/min. There are limited clinical data with SAVAYSA in patients with CrCL < 15 mL/min; SAVAYSA is therefore not recommended in these patients. Hemodialysis does not significantly contribute to SAVAYSA clearance [see Dosage and Administration (2.1 , 2.2) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ] . As renal function improves and edoxaban blood levels decrease, the risk for ischemic stroke increases in patients with NVAF [see Indications and Usage (1.1) , Dosage and Administration (2.1) , and Clinical Studies (14.1) ] .

8.7 Hepatic Impairment The use of SAVAYSA in patients with moderate or severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh B and C) is not recommended as these patients may have intrinsic coagulation abnormalities. No dose reduction is required in patients with mild hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh A) [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ] .

8.8 Low Body Weight Consideration for Patients Treated for DVT and/or PE Based on the clinical experience from the Hokusai VTE study, reduce SAVAYSA dose to 30 mg in patients with body weight less than or equal to 60 kg [see Dosage and Administration (2.2) and Clinical Studies (14.2) ] .

Edoxaban is a selective inhibitor of FXa. It does not require antithrombin III for antithrombotic activity. Edoxaban inhibits free FXa, and prothrombinase activity and inhibits thrombin-induced platelet aggregation. Inhibition of FXa in the coagulation cascade reduces thrombin generation and reduces thrombus formation.