Etoposide Phosphate

ETOPOPHOS is a topoisomerase inhibitor indicated for the treatment of patients with: Refractory testicular tumors, in combination with other chemotherapeutic drugs. ( 1.1 ) Small cell lung cancer, in combination with cisplatin, as first-line treatment. ( 1.2 )

1.1 Refractory Testicular Tumors ETOPOPHOS is indicated, in combination with other chemotherapeutic drugs, for treatment of patients with refractory testicular tumors.

1.2 Small Cell Lung Cancer ETOPOPHOS is indicated, in combination with cisplatin, for first-line treatment of patients with small cell lung cancer.

For injection: 114 mg etoposide phosphate (equivalent to 100 mg etoposide), white to off-white, lyophilized powder in single-dose vial for reconstitution [see Description (11) ] . For injection: 114 mg etoposide phosphate (equivalent to 100 mg etoposide), white to off-white, lyophilized powder in single-dose vial for reconstitution. ( 3 , 11 )

ETOPOPHOS is contraindicated in patients with a history of a severe hypersensitivity reaction to etoposide products [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) ] . Hypersensitivity to etoposide products. ( 4 , 5.3 )

​ Myelosuppression : Obtain complete blood counts prior to each cycle and more frequently as clinically indicated. ( 5.1 ) Secondary leukemias : Can occur with long-term use. ( 5.2 ) Hypersensitivity reactions : Hypersensitivity reactions including anaphylaxis may occur. ( 5.3 ) Embryo-fetal toxicity : ETOPOPHOS can cause fetal harm. Advise females of potential risk to the fetus and to use effective contraception during treatment with ETOPOPHOS and for 6 months after final dose. Advise males to use effective contraception for 4 months, after the last dose of ETOPOPHOS. ( 5.4 , 8.1 , 8.3 )

5.1 Myelosuppression ETOPOPHOS causes myelosuppression that results in thrombocytopenia and neutropenia. Fatal infections (including opportunistic infections like Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia) and bleeding have occurred. Obtain complete blood counts prior to each cycle of ETOPOPHOS and more frequently as clinically indicated [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)] .

5.2 Secondary Leukemias Secondary leukemias have occurred with long term use of ETOPOPHOS.

5.3 Hypersensitivity Reactions ETOPOPHOS can cause hypersensitivity reactions, including rash, urticaria, pruritus, and anaphylaxis [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)] . If hypersensitivity reactions occur, immediately interrupt ETOPOPHOS and institute supportive management. Permanently discontinue ETOPOPHOS in patients who experience a severe hypersensitivity reaction.

5.4 Embryo-Fetal Toxicity Based on animal studies and its mechanism of action, ETOPOPHOS can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. Advise pregnant women of the potential hazard to the fetus [see Use in Specific Populations ( 8.1 )] . Advise females of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with ETOPOPHOS and for at least 6 months after the final dose. Advise males with female partners of reproductive potential to use effective contraception for 4 months after the final dose [see Use in Specific Populations ( 8.3 )] .

The following serious adverse reactions are described elsewhere in the labeling: Myelosuppression [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ] Secondary leukemias [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ] Hypersensitivity reactions [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) ] Most common adverse reaction is neutropenia. ( 6 ) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact the Safety Call Center at 1-866-885-0690 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch .

6.1 Clinical Trials Experience Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates, observed in the clinical trials of a drug, cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. ETOPOPHOS has been used as a single agent in clinical studies involving 206 patients with a variety of malignancies (including one non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma) and in combination with cisplatin in 60 patients with small cell lung cancer. The most common adverse reaction was neutropenia. Other Important Adverse Reactions Gastrointestinal Toxicity Nausea and vomiting are the major gastrointestinal toxicities. The severity of nausea and vomiting is generally mild to moderate, with treatment discontinuation required in 1% of patients. Nausea and vomiting are managed with standard antiemetic therapy. Other Toxicities Other clinically important adverse reactions in clinical trials were: Gastrointestinal: abdominal pain, constipation, dysphagia General: fever Ocular: transient cortical blindness, optic neuritis Respiratory: interstitial pneumonitis/pulmonary fibrosis Skin: pigmentation, radiation recall dermatitis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and toxic epidermal necrolysis Neurologic: seizure, aftertaste Hepatobiliary disorder: hepatotoxicity

6.2 Postmarketing Experience The following adverse reactions have been identified during postapproval use of ETOPOPHOS. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure. Extravasation Extravasation, resulting in local soft tissue toxicity. Extravasation of ETOPOPHOS can result in swelling, pain, cellulitis, and necrosis, including skin necrosis. Acute Renal Failure Reversible cases of acute renal failure have been reported with administration of high dose (2220 mg/m 2 ) ETOPOPHOS with total body irradiation used for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The ETOPOPHOS formulation contains dextran 40, which has been associated with acute renal failure when administered in high doses.

Warfarin: Co-administration of ETOPOPHOS with warfarin can result in elevated international normalized ratio (INR). Measure INR frequently. Warfarin: Co-administration can result in elevated international normalized ratio (INR). Measure INR frequently. ( 7 )

Lactation: Do not breastfeed. ( 8.2 )

8.1 Pregnancy Risk Summary Based on animal data and its mechanism of action, ETOPOPHOS can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. Etoposide, the active moiety of etoposide phosphate is teratogenic in mice and rats (see Data) . Advise pregnant women of the potential hazard to a fetus. Advise women of childbearing potential to avoid becoming pregnant. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2% to 4% and 15% to 20%, respectively. Data Animal Data In rats, an intravenous etoposide dose of 0.4 mg/kg/day (about 0.05 times of the 50 mg/m 2 human dose based on body surface area [BSA]) during organogenesis caused maternal toxicity, embryotoxicity, and teratogenicity (skeletal abnormalities, exencephaly, encephalocele, and anophthalmia); higher doses of 1.2 and 3.6 mg/kg/day (about 0.14 and 0.5 times the 50 mg/m 2 human dose based on BSA) resulted in 90% and 100% embryonic resorptions. In mice, a single etoposide dose of 1.0 mg/kg (approximately 0.06 times the 50 mg/m 2 human dose based on BSA) administered intraperitoneally on days 6, 7, or 8 of gestation caused embryotoxicity, cranial abnormalities, and major skeletal malformations. An intraperitoneal dose of 1.5 mg/kg (about 0.1 times the 50 mg/m 2 human based on BSA) on day 7 of gestation caused an increase in the incidence of intrauterine death and fetal malformations and a significant decrease in the average fetal body weight [see Nonclinical Toxicology (13.1) ] .

8.2 Lactation There is no information regarding the presence of etoposide in human milk or its effects on breastfed infant milk production. Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in nursing infants from ETOPOPHOS, advise women not to breastfeed during treatment with ETOPOPHOS.

8.3 Females and Males of Reproductive Potential Contraception Females Advise females of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with ETOPOPHOS and for 6 months after the final dose. Males ETOPOPHOS may damage spermatozoa and testicular tissue, resulting in possible genetic fetal abnormalities. Males with female sexual partners of reproductive potential should use effective contraception during treatment with ETOPOPHOS and for 4 months after the final dose. Infertility Females In females of reproductive potential, ETOPOPHOS may cause infertility and result in amenorrhea. Premature menopause can occur with ETOPOPHOS. Recovery of menses and ovulation is related to age at treatment. Males In male patients, ETOPOPHOS may result in oligospermia, azoospermia, and permanent loss of fertility. Sperm counts have been reported to return to normal levels in some men, and in some cases, have occurred several years after the end of therapy [See Nonclinical Toxicology (13.1) ] .

8.4 Pediatric Use Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established.

8.5 Geriatric Use Clinical studies of etoposide did not include sufficient numbers (n=71) of patients aged 65 years and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger patients. Other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between elderly and younger patients.