Ravulizumab

ULTOMIRIS is a complement inhibitor indicated for: the treatment of adult and pediatric patients one month of age and older with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH). ( 1.1 ) the treatment of adult and pediatric patients one month of age and older with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) to inhibit complement-mediated thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA). ( 1.2 ) Limitations of Use: ULTOMIRIS is not indicated for the treatment of patients with Shiga toxin E. coli related hemolytic uremic syndrome (STEC-HUS). the treatment of adult patients with generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG) who are anti-acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibody-positive. ( 1.3 ) the treatment of adult patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) who are anti-aquaporin-4 (AQP4) antibody-positive. ( 1.4 )

1.1 Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria ULTOMIRIS is indicated for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients one month of age and older with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH).

1.2 Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome ULTOMIRIS is indicated for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients one month of age and older with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) to inhibit complement-mediated thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA). Limitations of Use: ULTOMIRIS is not indicated for the treatment of patients with Shiga toxin E. coli related hemolytic uremic syndrome (STEC-HUS).

1.3 Generalized Myasthenia Gravis ULTOMIRIS is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG) who are anti-acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibody-positive.

1.4 Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder ULTOMIRIS is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) who are anti-aquaporin-4 (AQP4) antibody-positive.

Injection: 300 mg/3 mL (100 mg/mL) solution in a single-dose vial. ( 3 ) 1,100 mg/11 mL (100 mg/mL) solution in a single-dose vial. ( 3 ) Injection: 300 mg/3 mL or 1,100 mg/11 mL (100 mg/mL) as a translucent, clear to yellowish color solution in a single-dose vial.

ULTOMIRIS is contraindicated for initiation in patients with unresolved serious Neisseria meningitidis infection [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ] . ULTOMIRIS is contraindicated for initiation in patients with unresolved serious Neisseria meningitidis infection. ( 4 )

Other Infections: Use caution when administering ULTOMIRIS to patients with any other systemic infection. ( 5.3 ) Infusion-Related Reactions: Monitor during infusion, interrupt for reactions, and institute appropriate supportive measures. ( 5.6 )

5.1 Serious Meningococcal Infections ULTOMIRIS, a complement inhibitor, increases a patient's susceptibility to serious, life-threatening, or fatal infections caused by meningococcal bacteria (septicemia and/or meningitis) in any serogroup, including non-groupable strains. Life-threatening and fatal meningococcal infections have occurred in both vaccinated and unvaccinated patients treated with complement inhibitors. The initiation of ULTOMIRIS treatment is contraindicated in patients with unresolved serious Neisseria meningitidis infection. Complete or update meningococcal vaccination (for serogroups A, C, W, Y and B) at least 2 weeks prior to administration of the first dose of ULTOMIRIS, according to current ACIP recommendations for patients receiving a complement inhibitor. Revaccinate patients in accordance with ACIP recommendations considering the duration of ULTOMIRIS therapy. Note that ACIP recommends an administration schedule in patients receiving complement inhibitors that differs from the administration schedule in the vaccine prescribing information. If urgent ULTOMIRIS therapy is indicated in a patient who is not up to date with meningococcal vaccines according to ACIP recommendations, provide the patient with antibacterial drug prophylaxis and administer meningococcal vaccines as soon as possible. Various durations and regimens of antibacterial drug prophylaxis have been considered, but the optimal durations and drug regimens for prophylaxis and their efficacy have not been studied in unvaccinated or vaccinated patients receiving complement inhibitors, including ULTOMIRIS. The benefits and risks of treatment with ULTOMIRIS, as well as the benefits and risks of antibacterial drug prophylaxis in unvaccinated or vaccinated patients, must be considered against the known risks for serious infections caused by Neisseria meningitidis . Vaccination does not eliminate the risk of meningococcal infections, despite development of antibodies following vaccination. Closely monitor patients for early signs and symptoms of meningococcal infection and evaluate patients immediately if infection is suspected. Inform patients of these signs and symptoms and instruct patients to seek immediate medical care if these signs and symptoms occur. Promptly treat known infections. Meningococcal infection may become rapidly life-threatening or fatal if not recognized and treated early. Consider interruption of ULTOMIRIS in patients who are undergoing treatment for serious meningococcal infection, depending on the risks of interrupting treatment in the disease being treated. ULTOMIRIS is available only through a restricted program under a REMS [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ] . 5.2 ULTOMIRIS and SOLIRIS REMS ULTOMIRIS is available only through a restricted program under a REMS called ULTOMIRIS and SOLIRIS REMS, because of the risk of serious meningococcal infections [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ]. Notable requirements of the ULTOMIRIS and SOLIRIS REMS include the following: Prescribers must enroll in the REMS. Prescribers must counsel patients about the risk of serious meningococcal infection. Prescribers must provide the patients with the REMS educational materials. Prescribers must assess patient vaccination status for meningococcal vaccines (against serogroups A, C, W, Y, and B) and vaccinate if needed according to current ACIP recommendations two weeks prior to the first dose of ULTOMIRIS. Prescribers must provide a prescription for antibacterial drug prophylaxis if treatment must be started urgently and the patient is not up to date with meningococcal vaccines according to current ACIP recommendations at least two weeks prior to the first dose of ULTOMIRIS. Healthcare settings and pharmacies that dispense ULTOMIRIS must be certified in the REMS and must verify prescribers are certified. Patients must receive counseling from the prescriber about the need to receive meningococcal vaccines per ACIP recommendations, the need to take antibiotics as directed by the prescriber, and the signs and symptoms of meningococcal infection. Patients must be instructed to carry the Patient Safety Card with them at all times during and for 8 months following treatment with ULTOMIRIS. Further information is available at www.UltSolREMS.com or 1-888-765-4747.

5.3 Other Infections Serious infections with Neisseria species (other than Neisseria meningitidis ), including disseminated gonococcal infections, have been reported. ULTOMIRIS blocks terminal complement activation; therefore, patients may have increased susceptibility to infections, especially with encapsulated bacteria, such as infections caused by Neisseria meningitidis but also Streptococcus pneumoniae , Haemophilus influenzae , and to a lesser extent, Neisseria gonorrhoeae . Children treated with ULTOMIRIS may be at increased risk of developing serious infections due to Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib). Administer vaccinations for the prevention of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) infections according to ACIP recommendations. Patients receiving ULTOMIRIS are at increased risk for infections due to these organisms, even if they develop antibodies following vaccination.

5.4 Monitoring Disease Manifestations after ULTOMIRIS Discontinuation Treatment Discontinuation for PNH After discontinuing treatment with ULTOMIRIS, closely monitor for signs and symptoms of hemolysis, identified by elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) along with sudden decrease in PNH clone size or hemoglobin, or reappearance of symptoms such as fatigue, hemoglobinuria, abdominal pain, shortness of breath (dyspnea), major adverse vascular event (including thrombosis), dysphagia, or erectile dysfunction. Monitor any patient who discontinues ULTOMIRIS for at least 16 weeks to detect hemolysis and other reactions. If signs and symptoms of hemolysis occur after discontinuation, including elevated LDH, consider restarting treatment with ULTOMIRIS. Treatment Discontinuation for aHUS ULTOMIRIS treatment of aHUS should be a minimum duration of 6 months. Due to heterogeneous nature of aHUS events and patient-specific risk factors, treatment duration beyond the initial 6 months should be individualized. There are no specific data on ULTOMIRIS discontinuation. After discontinuing treatment with ULTOMIRIS, patients should be monitored for clinical symptoms and laboratory signs of TMA complications for at least 12 months. TMA complications post-discontinuation can be identified if any of the following is observed: Clinical symptoms of TMA include changes in mental status, seizures, angina, dyspnea, thrombosis or increasing blood pressure. In addition, at least two of the following laboratory signs observed concurrently and results should be confirmed by a second measurement 28 days apart with no interruption: a decrease in platelet count of 25% or more as compared to either baseline or to peak platelet count during ULTOMIRIS treatment; an increase in serum creatinine of 25% or more as compared to baseline or to nadir during ULTOMIRIS treatment; an increase in serum LDH of 25% or more as compared to baseline or to nadir during ULTOMIRIS treatment. If TMA complications occur after ULTOMIRIS discontinuation, consider reinitiation of ULTOMIRIS treatment or appropriate organ-specific supportive measures.

5.5 Thromboembolic Event Management The effect of withdrawal of anticoagulant therapy during ULTOMIRIS treatment has not been established. Therefore, treatment with ULTOMIRIS should not alter anticoagulant management. […]

The following clinically significant adverse reactions are discussed in greater detail in other sections of the labeling: Serious Meningococcal Infections [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ] Other Infections [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) ] Infusion-Related Reactions [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6) ] Most common adverse reactions in patients with PNH (incidence ≥ 10%) were upper respiratory tract infection and headache. ( 6.1 ) Most common adverse reactions in patients with aHUS (incidence ≥ 20%) were upper respiratory tract infection, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, headache, hypertension, and pyrexia. ( 6.1 ) Most common adverse reactions in adult patients with gMG (incidence ≥ 10%) were diarrhea and upper respiratory tract infection. ( 6.1 ) Most common adverse reactions in adult patients with NMOSD (incidence ≥ 10%) were COVID-19, headache, back pain, arthralgia, and urinary tract infection. ( 6.1 ) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. at 1-844-259-6783 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.

6.1 Clinical Trial Experience Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH) Adult Population with PNH Treated with ULTOMIRIS The data described below reflect exposure of 441 adult patients with PNH in Phase 3 studies who received ULTOMIRIS (n = 222) or eculizumab (n = 219) at the recommended dosing regimens with median treatment duration of 6 months for ULTOMIRIS and 6 months for eculizumab. The most frequent adverse reactions (≥ 10%) with ULTOMIRIS were upper respiratory tract infection and headache. Table 7 describes adverse reactions that occurred at a rate of 5% or more among patients treated with ULTOMIRIS in PNH studies. Serious adverse reactions were reported in 15 (6.8%) patients with PNH receiving ULTOMIRIS. The serious adverse reactions in patients treated with ULTOMIRIS included hyperthermia and pyrexia. No serious adverse reaction was reported in more than 1 patient treated with ULTOMIRIS. One fatal case of sepsis was identified in a patient treated with ULTOMIRIS. Table 7: Adverse Reactions Reported in 5% or More of ULTOMIRIS-Treated Patients in Complement Inhibitor-Naïve and Eculizumab-Experienced Adult Patients with PNH Body System Adverse Reaction Number of Patients ULTOMIRIS (N=222) n (%) Eculizumab (N=219) n (%) Gastrointestinal disorders Diarrhea 19 (9) 12 (5) Nausea 19 (9) 19 (9) Abdominal pain 13 (6) 16 (7) General disorders and administration site conditions Pyrexia 15 (7) 18 (8) Infections and infestations Upper respiratory tract infection Grouped term includes: nasopharyngitis, upper respiratory tract infection, oropharyngeal pain, viral upper respiratory tract infection, rhinitis, respiratory tract infection, rhinorrhea, pharyngitis, and upper respiratory tract inflammation 86 (39) 86 (39) Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders Pain in extremity 14 (6) 11 (5) Arthralgia 11 (5) 12 (5) Nervous system disorders Headache 71 (32) 57 (26) Dizziness 12 (5) 14 (6) Clinically relevant adverse reactions in 1% of patients include infusion-related reactions. Pediatric Population with PNH Treated with ULTOMIRIS In pediatric patients with PNH (aged 9 to 17 years old) included in the pediatric PNH Phase 3 study, the safety profile appeared similar to that observed in adult patients with PNH and in pediatric and adult patients with aHUS. The most common adverse reactions (> 20%) were upper respiratory tract infection, anemia, abdominal pain, and headache. Table 8 describes the adverse reactions that occurred at a rate of 10% or more among pediatric patients treated with ULTOMIRIS in Study ALXN1210-PNH-304. Table 8: Adverse Reactions Reported in 10% or More of ULTOMIRIS-Treated Pediatric Patients with PNH in Study ALXN1210-PNH-304 Body System Adverse Reaction Treatment Naïve (N=5) Eculizumab Experienced (N=8) Total (N=13) n (%) n (%) n (%) Blood and lymphatic system disorders Anemia Grouped term includes: anemia and iron deficiency anemia 1 (20) 2 (25) 3 (23) Gastrointestinal disorders Abdominal pain 0 (0) 3 (38) 3 (23) Constipation 0 (0) 2 (25) 2 (15) General disorders and administration site conditions Pyrexia 1 (20) 1 (13) 2 (15) Infections and infestations Upper Respiratory tract infection Grouped term includes: nasopharyngitis, upper respiratory tract infection, oropharyngeal pain, and viral upper respiratory tract infection 1 (20) 6 (75) 7 (54) Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders Pain in extremity 0 (0) 2 (25) 2 (15) Nervous system disorders Headache 1 (20) 2 (25) 3 (23) Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (aHUS) The data described below reflect exposure of 58 adult and 16 pediatric patients with aHUS in single-arm trials who received ULTOMIRIS at the recommended dose and schedule. The most frequent adverse reactions reported in ≥ 20% of patients treated with ULTOMIRIS were upper respiratory tract infection, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, headache, hypertension, and pyrexia. Table 9, Table 10 and Table 11 describe adverse reactions that occurred at a rate of 10% or more among patients treated with ULTOMIRIS in aHUS studies. Serious adverse reactions were reported in 42 (57%) patients with aHUS receiving ULTOMIRIS. The most frequent serious adverse reactions reported in more than 2 patients (2.7%) treated with ULTOMIRIS were hypertension, pneumonia, and abdominal pain. Four patients died during the ALXN1210-aHUS-311 study. The cause of death was sepsis in 2 patients and intracranial hemorrhage in 1 patient. The fourth patient, who was excluded from the trial after a diagnosis of STEC-HUS, died due to pretreatment cerebral arterial thrombosis. Table 9: Adverse Reactions Reported in ≥ 10% of ULTOMIRIS-Treated Patients with aHUS in Study ALXN1210-aHUS-311 Body System Adverse Reaction ALXN1210-aHUS-311 (N=58) All Grades Graded per CTCAE v5.0. (n=53) n (%) ≥ Grade 3 (n=14) n (%) Blood and lymphatic system disorders Anemia 8 (14) 0 (0) Gastrointestinal disorders Diarrhea 18 (31) 2 (3) Nausea 15 (26) 2 (3) Vomiting 15 (26) 2 (3) Constipation 8 (14) 1 (2) Abdominal pain 7 (12) 1 (2) General disorders and administration site conditions Pyrexia 11 (19) 1 (2) Edema peripheral 10 (17) 0 (0) Fatigue 8 (14) 0 (0) Infections and infestations Upper respiratory tract infection Grouped term includes nasopharyngitis, pharyngitis, upper respiratory tract infection, rhinitis, viral upper respiratory tract infection, rhinovirus infection, viral pharyngitis, rhinorrhea, and oropharyngeal pain. 15 (26) 0 (0) Urinary tract infection 10 (17) 5 (9) Gastrointestinal infection Grouped term includes gastroenteritis, gastrointestinal infection, enterocolitis infectious, infectious colitis, and enterocolitis. 8 (14) 2 (3) Metabolism and nutrition disorders Hypokalemia 6 (10) 1 (2) Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders Arthralgia 13 (22) 0 (0) Back pain 7 (12) 1 (2) Muscle spasms 6 (10) 0 (0) Pain in extremity 6 (10) 0 (0) Nervous system disorders Headache 23 (40) 1 (2) Psychiatric disorders Anxiety 8 (14) 1 (2) Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders Cough 10 (17) 0 (0) Dyspnea 10 (17) 1 (2) Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders Alopecia 6 (10) 0 (0) Dry skin 6 (10) 0 (0) Vascular disorders Hypertension 14 (24) 7 (12) Clinically relevant adverse reactions include viral tonsilitis (in < 10% of patients) and infusion-related reactions (in 3% of patients). Table 10: Adverse Reactions Reported in ≥ 10% of ULTOMIRIS-Treated Patients with aHUS in Study ALXN1210-aHUS-312 Body System Adverse Reaction ALXN1210-aHUS-312 (N=16) All Grades Graded per CTCAE v5.0. […]

Plasma Exchange, Plasmapheresis, or Intravenous Immunoglobulins: concomitant use requires supplemental dose of ULTOMIRIS. ( 7.1 ) Neonatal Fc Receptor Blockers (FcRn): Closely monitor for reduced effectiveness of ULTOMIRIS. ( 7.2 )

7.1 Plasma Exchange, Plasmapheresis, and Intravenous Immunoglobulins Concomitant use of ULTOMIRIS with plasma exchange (PE), plasmapheresis (PP), or intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) treatment can reduce serum ravulizumab concentrations and requires a supplemental dose of ULTOMIRIS [see Dosage and Administration (2.5) ].

7.2 Neonatal Fc Receptor Blockers Concomitant use of ULTOMIRIS with neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) blockers (e.g., efgartigimod) may lower systemic exposures and reduce effectiveness of ULTOMIRIS. Closely monitor for reduced effectiveness of ULTOMIRIS.

8.1 Pregnancy Pregnancy Exposure Registry There is a pregnancy exposure registry that monitors pregnancy outcomes in women exposed to ULTOMIRIS during pregnancy. Healthcare providers and patients may call 1-833-793-0563 or go to www.UltomirisPregnancyStudy.com to enroll in or to obtain information about the registry. Risk Summary There are no available data on ULTOMIRIS use in pregnant women to inform a drug-associated risk of major birth defects, miscarriage, or adverse maternal or fetal outcomes. There are risks to the mother and fetus associated with untreated PNH and aHUS in pregnancy (see Clinical Considerations ) . Animal studies using a mouse analogue of the ravulizumab-cwvz molecule (murine anti-mouse complement component 5 [C5] antibody) showed increased rates of developmental abnormalities and an increased rate of dead and moribund offspring at doses 0.8-2.2 times the human dose (see Data ). The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated populations is unknown. All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2-4% and 15-20%, respectively. Clinical Considerations Disease-associated Maternal and/or Fetal/neonatal Risk PNH in pregnancy is associated with adverse maternal outcomes, including worsening cytopenias, thrombotic events, infections, bleeding, miscarriages, and increased maternal mortality, and adverse fetal outcomes, including fetal death and premature delivery. In pregnancy, aHUS is associated with adverse maternal outcomes, including preeclampsia and preterm delivery, and adverse fetal/neonatal outcomes, including intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), fetal death and low birth weight. Data Animal Data Animal reproduction studies were conducted in mice using doses of a murine anti-C5 antibody that approximated 1-2.2 times (loading dose) and 0.8-1.8 times (maintenance dose) the recommended human ULTOMIRIS dose, based on a body weight comparison. When animal exposure to the antibody occurred in the time period from before mating until early gestation, no decrease in fertility or reproductive performance was observed. When maternal exposure to the antibody occurred during organogenesis, 2 cases of retinal dysplasia and 1 case of umbilical hernia were observed among 230 offspring born to mothers exposed to the higher antibody dose; however, the exposure did not increase fetal loss or neonatal death. When maternal exposure to the antibody occurred in the time period from implantation through weaning, a higher number of male offspring became moribund or died (1/25 controls, 2/25 low dose group, 5/25 high dose group). Surviving offspring had normal development and reproductive function. Human IgG are known to cross the human placental barrier, and thus ULTOMIRIS may potentially cause terminal complement inhibition in fetal circulation.

8.2 Lactation Risk summary There are no data on the presence of ravulizumab-cwvz in human milk, the effect on the breastfed child, or the effect on milk production. Since many medicinal products and immunoglobulins are secreted into human milk, and because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in a nursing child, breastfeeding should be discontinued during treatment and for 8 months after the final dose.

8.4 Pediatric Use The safety and effectiveness of ULTOMIRIS for the treatment of PNH have been established in pediatric patients aged one month and older. Use of ULTOMIRIS for this indication is supported by evidence from adequate and well-controlled trials in adults with additional pharmacokinetic, efficacy and safety data in pediatric patients aged 9 to 17 years [see Adverse Reactions (6.1) , Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) , and Clinical Studies (14.1) ] . The safety and efficacy for the treatment of pediatric and adult patients with PNH appear similar. Use of ULTOMIRIS in pediatric patients with PNH aged less than 9 years and body weight < 30 kg is based on extrapolation of pharmacokinetic / pharmacodynamic (PK/PD), and efficacy and safety data from aHUS and PNH clinical studies [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) and Clinical Studies (14) ] . The safety and effectiveness of ULTOMIRIS for the treatment of aHUS have been established in pediatric patients aged one month and older. Use of ULTOMIRIS for this indication is supported by evidence from adequate and well-controlled studies in adults with additional pharmacokinetic, safety, and efficacy data in pediatric patients aged 10 months to < 17 years. The safety and efficacy of ULTOMIRIS for the treatment of aHUS appear similar in pediatric and adult patients [see Adverse Reactions (6.1) , and Clinical Studies (14.2) ] . The safety and effectiveness of ULTOMIRIS for the treatment of gMG or NMOSD in pediatric patients have not been established.

8.5 Geriatric Use Clinical studies of ULTOMIRIS did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over (58 patients with PNH, 9 with aHUS, 54 with gMG, and 7 with NMOSD) to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. Other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between elderly and younger patients.

Ravulizumab-cwvz is a terminal complement inhibitor that specifically binds to the complement protein C5 with high affinity, thereby inhibiting its cleavage to C5a (the proinflammatory anaphylatoxin) and C5b (the initiating subunit of the membrane attack complex [MAC or C5b-9]) thus preventing MAC formation. ULTOMIRIS inhibits terminal complement-mediated intravascular hemolysis in patients with PNH and complement-mediated thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) in patients with aHUS. The precise mechanism by which ravulizumab-cwvz exerts its therapeutic effect in gMG patients is unknown, but is presumed to involve reduction of terminal complement complex C5b-9 deposition at the neuromuscular junction. The precise mechanism by which ravulizumab-cwvz exerts its therapeutic effect in NMOSD is unknown, but is presumed to involve inhibition of aquaporin-4 antibody-induced terminal complement C5b-9 deposition.