Tiopronin

THIOLA is indicated, in combination with high fluid intake, alkali, and diet modification, for the prevention of cystine stone formation in adults and pediatric patients 20 kg and greater with severe homozygous cystinuria, who are not responsive to these measures alone. ——————————————–INDICATIONS AND USAGE—————————————– THIOLA is a reducing and complexing thiol indicated, in combination with high fluid intake, alkali, and diet modification, for the prevention of cystine stone formation in adults and pediatric patients 20 kg and greater with severe homozygous cystinuria, who are not responsive to these measures alone. (1)

Tablets for oral use: 100 mg tablets: round, white and imprinted in red with “M” on one side —————————————–DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS———————————– Tablets: 100 mg (3)

THIOLA is contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity to tiopronin or any other components of THIOLA [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)]. ———————————————-CONTRAINDICATIONS——————————————

• Hypersensitivity to tiopronin or any component of THIOLA (4)

5.1 Proteinuria

5.2 Hypersensitivity Reactions

5.1 Proteinuria Proteinuria, including nephrotic syndrome, and membranous nephropathy, have been reported with tiopronin use. Pediatric patients receiving greater than 50 mg/kg of tiopronin per day may be at increased risk for proteinuria [see Dosage and Administration (2.2), Adverse Reactions (6.1, 6.2), Use in Specific Populations (8.4)]. Monitor patients for the development of proteinuria and discontinue therapy in patients who develop proteinuria [see Dosage and Administration (2.2)].

5.2 Hypersensitivity Reactions Hypersensitivity reactions (drug fever, rash, fever, arthralgia and lymphadenopathy) have been reported [see Contraindications (4)]. ——————————————WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS————————————-

• Proteinuria, including nephrotic syndrome, and membranous nephropathy, has been reported with tiopronin use. Pediatric patients receiving greater than 50 mg/kg of tiopronin per day may be at increased risk for proteinuria. (2.1, 5.1, 8.4)
• Hypersensitivity reactions have been reported during tiopronin treatment. (4, 5.2)

6.1 Clinical Trials Experience

6.2 Postmarketing Experience The following adverse reactions are discussed in greater detail in other sections of the labeling:

• Proteinuria [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)]
• Hypersensitivity [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)]

6.1 Clinical Trials Experience Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, the adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of the drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. Adverse reactions occurring at an incidence of ≥5% in an uncontrolled trial in 66 patients with cystinuria age 9 to 68 years are shown in the table below. Patients in group 1 had previously been treated with d-penicillamine; those in group 2 had not. Of those patients who had stopped taking d-penicillamine due to toxicity (34 out of 49 patients in group 1), 22 were able to continue treatment with THIOLA. In those without prior history of d-penicillamine treatment, 6% developed reactions of sufficient severity to require THIOLA withdrawal. Table 1 presents adverse reactions ≥5% in either treatment group occurring in this trial. Taste Disturbance A reduction in taste perception may develop. It is believed to be the result of chelation of trace metals by tiopronin. Hypogeusia is often self-limited.

6.2 Postmarketing Experience Adverse reactions have been reported from the literature, as well as during post-approval use of THIOLA. Because the post-approval reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to THIOLA exposure. Adverse reactions reported during the postmarketing use of THIOLA are listed by body system in Table 2. ———————————————ADVERSE REACTIONS——————————————- Most common adverse reactions (≥10%) are nausea, diarrhea or soft stools, oral ulcers, rash, fatigue, fever, arthralgia, proteinuria, and emesis. (6) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Mission Pharmacal Company at toll-free phone # 1-800-298-1087 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch. Picture Image

8.1 Pregnancy

8.2 Lactation

8.4 Pediatric Use

8.5 Geriatric Use

8.1 Pregnancy Risk Summary Available published case report data with tiopronin have not identified a drug-associated risk for major birth defects, miscarriage, or adverse maternal or fetal outcomes. Renal stones in pregnancy may result in adverse pregnancy outcomes (see Clinical Considerations). In animal reproduction studies, there were no adverse developmental outcomes with oral administration of tiopronin to pregnant mice and rats during organogenesis at doses up to 2 times a 2 grams/day human dose (based on mg/m 2 ). The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies are 2% to 4% and 15% to 20%, respectively. Clinical Considerations Disease-associated maternal and/or embryo/fetal risk Renal stones in pregnancy may increase the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as preterm birth and low birth weight. Data Animal Data No findings of fetal malformations could be attributed to the drug in reproduction studies in mice and rats at doses up to 2 times the highest recommended human dose of 2 grams/day (based on mg/m 2 ).

8.2 Lactation Risk Summary There are no data on the presence of tiopronin in either human or animal milk or on the effects of the breastfed child. A published study suggests that tiopronin may suppress milk production. Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions, including nephrotic syndrome, advise patients that breastfeeding is not recommended during treatment with THIOLA.

8.4 Pediatric Use THIOLA is indicated in pediatric patients weighing 20 kg or more with severe homozygous cystinuria, in combination with high fluid intake, alkali, and diet modification, for the prevention of cystine stone formation who are not responsive to these measures alone. This indication is based on safety and efficacy data from a trial in patients 9 years to 68 years of age and clinical experience. Proteinuria, including nephrotic syndrome, has been reported in pediatric patients. Pediatric patients receiving greater than 50 mg/kg tiopronin per day may be at greater risk [see Dosage and Administration (2.1, 2.2), Warnings and Precautions (5.1) and Adverse Reactions (6.1)]. THIOLA tablets are not approved for use in pediatric patients weighing less than 20 kg or in pediatric patients unable to swallow tablets [see Recommended Dosage (2.1)].

8.5 Geriatric Use This drug is known to be substantially excreted by the kidney, and the risk of adverse reactions to this drug may be greater in patients with impaired renal function. Because elderly patients are more likely to have decreased renal function, care should be taken in dose selection, and it may be useful to monitor renal function. —————————————–USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS————————————–

• Lactation: Breastfeeding is not recommended. (8.2)
• Geriatric: Choose dose carefully and monitor renal function in the elderly. (8.5) See 17 for PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION. Revised: 01/2021