Vinorelbine

Vinorelbine Injection is indicated: In combination with cisplatin for first-line treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) As a single agent for the treatment of patients with metastatic NSCLC Vinorelbine Injection is a vinca alkaloid indicated: In combination with cisplatin for first-line treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) ( 1 ) As a single agent for first-line treatment of patients with metastatic NSCLC ( 1 )

Vinorelbine Injection, USP: 1 mL (10 mg per 1 mL) and 5 mL (50 mg per 5 mL) clear colorless to pale yellow solution in single-dose vial. Vinorelbine Injection: 10 mg per 1 mL and 50 mg per 5 mL in single-dose vial ( 3 )

None None

Hepatic Toxicity: Monitor hepatic function prior to initiation and during treatment ( 5.2 ) Severe constipation and bowel obstruction, including necrosis and perforation, occur. Institute a prophylactic bowel regimen to mitigate potential constipation, bowel obstruction and/or paralytic ileus ( 5.3 ) Extravasation can result in severe tissue injury, local tissue necrosis and/or thrombophlebitis. Immediately stop vinorelbine and institute recommended management procedures ( 5.4 ) Neurologic Toxicity: Severe sensory and motor neuropathies occur. Monitor patients for new or worsening signs and symptoms of neuropathy. Discontinue for Grade 2 or greater neuropathy ( 5.5 ) Pulmonary toxicity and respiratory failure occur. Interrupt vinorelbine in patients who develop unexplained dyspnea or have any evidence of pulmonary toxicity. Permanently discontinue for confirmed interstitial pneumonitis or ARDS ( 5.6 ) Embryo-Fetal Toxicity: Can cause fetal harm. Advise females of reproductive potential of potential risk to the fetus and to use effective contraception ( 5.7 , 8.1 , 8.3 )

5.1 Myelosuppression Myelosuppression, manifested by neutropenia, anemia and thrombocytopenia, occur in patients receiving vinorelbine as a single agent and in combination with cisplatin [see Adverse Reactions ( 6.1 , 6.2 )] . Neutropenia is the major dose-limiting toxicity with vinorelbine. Grade 3-4 neutropenia occurred in 53% of patients treated with vinorelbine at 30 mg/m 2 per week. Dose adjustment due to myelosuppression occurred in 51% of patients (Study 2). In clinical trials with vinorelbine administered at 30 mg/m 2 per week, neutropenia resulted in hospitalizations for pyrexia and/or sepsis in 8% of patients. Death due to sepsis occurred in 1% of patients. Neutropenia nadirs occur between 7 and 10 days after dosing with neutropenia count recovery usually occurring within the following 7 to 14 days. Monitor complete blood counts prior to each dose of vinorelbine. Do not administer vinorelbine to patients with neutrophil counts <1,000 cells/mm 3 . Adjustments in the dosage of vinorelbine should be based on neutrophil counts obtained on the day of treatment [see Dosage and Administration ( 2.2 )].

5.2 Hepatic Toxicity Drug-induced liver injury manifest by elevated aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and bilirubin occur in patients receiving vinorelbine as a single agent and in combination with cytotoxic agents. Assess hepatic function prior to initiation of vinorelbine and periodically during treatment. Reduce the dose of vinorelbine for patients who develop elevations in total bilirubin ≥ 2 times upper limit of normal [see Dosage and Administration ( 2.2 ) and Use in Specific Populations ( 8.6 )].

5.3 Severe Constipation and Bowel Obstruction Severe and fatal paralytic ileus, constipation, intestinal obstruction, necrosis, and perforation occur in patients receiving vinorelbine. Institute a prophylactic bowel regimen to mitigate potential constipation, bowel obstruction and/or paralytic ileus, considering adequate dietary fiber intake, hydration and routine use of stool softeners.

5.4 Extravasation and Tissue Injury Extravasation of vinorelbine can result in severe irritation, local tissue necrosis and/or thrombophlebitis. If signs or symptoms of extravasation occur, immediately stop administration of vinorelbine and institute recommended management procedures [see Dosage and Administration ( 2.2 ) and Adverse Reactions ( 6.1 )].

5.5 Neurologic Toxicity Sensory and motor neuropathies, including severe neuropathies, occur in patients receiving vinorelbine. Monitor patients for new or worsening signs and symptoms of neuropathy, such as paresthesia, hyperesthesia, hyporeflexia and muscle weakness while receiving vinorelbine. Discontinue vinorelbine for CTCAE Grade 2 or greater neuropathy [see Dosage and Administration ( 2.2 ) and Adverse Reactions ( 6.1 )].

5.6 Pulmonary Toxicity and Respiratory Failure Pulmonary toxicity, including severe acute bronchospasm, interstitial pneumonitis, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) occur in patients receiving vinorelbine. Interstitial pneumonitis and ARDS included fatalities. The mean time to onset of interstitial pneumonitis and ARDS after vinorelbine administration was one week (range 3 to 8 days) [see Adverse Reactions ( 6.1 )]. Interrupt vinorelbine in patients who develop unexplained dyspnea or have any evidence of pulmonary toxicity. Permanently discontinue vinorelbine for confirmed interstitial pneumonitis or ARDS.

5.7 Embryo-Fetal Toxicity Based on findings from animal studies and its mechanism of action, vinorelbine can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. In animal reproduction studies in mice and rabbits, embryo and fetal toxicity were observed with administration of vinorelbine at doses approximately 0.33 and 0.18 times the human therapeutic dose, respectively. Advise pregnant women of the potential risk to a fetus. Advise females of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with vinorelbine and for 6 months after the final dose. Advise males with female partners of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with vinorelbine and for 3 months after the final dose [see Use in Specific Populations ( 8.1 , 8.3 )].

The following clinically significant adverse reactions are described elsewhere in the labeling: Myelosuppression [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 )] Hepatic Toxicity [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 )] Severe Constipation and Bowel Obstruction [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.3 )] Extravasation and Tissue Injury [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.4 )] Neurologic Toxicity [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.5 )] Pulmonary Toxicity and Respiratory Failure [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.6 )] Most common adverse reactions (incidence ≥ 20%) are leukopenia, neutropenia, anemia, increased aspartate aminotransferase, nausea, vomiting, constipation, asthenia, injection site reaction and peripheral neuropathy ( 6.1 ) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Sagent Pharmaceuticals at 1-866-625-1618 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch .

6.1 Clinical Trials Experience Because clinical trials are conducted under varying designs and in different patient populations, the adverse reaction rates reported in one clinical trial may not be easily compared to those rates reported in another clinical trial and may not reflect the rates actually observed in clinical practice. Single Agent The data below reflect exposure to vinorelbine as a single agent administered at a dose of 30 mg/m 2 on a weekly basis to 365 patients enrolled in 3 controlled studies for metastatic NSCLC and advanced breast cancer. The population included 143 patients with previously untreated metastatic NSCLC (Study 3) who received a median of 8 doses of vinorelbine. The patients were aged 32 to 79 (median 61 years), 71% were male, 91% White, 48% had adenocarcinoma histology. The data also reflect exposure to vinorelbine in 222 patients with previously treated advanced breast cancer who received a median of 10 doses of vinorelbine. Vinorelbine is not indicated for the treatment of breast cancer. Selected adverse reactions reported in these studies are provided in Tables 1 and 2 . The most common adverse reactions (≥ 20%) of single agent vinorelbine were leukopenia, neutropenia, anemia, increased aspartate aminotransferase (AST), nausea, vomiting, constipation, asthenia, injection site reaction and peripheral neuropathy. The most common (≥ 5%) Grade 3 or 4 adverse reactions were neutropenia, leukopenia, anemia, increased total bilirubin, increased AST, injection site reaction and asthenia. Approximately 49% of patients with NSCLC who were treated with vinorelbine experienced at least one dose reduction due to an adverse reaction. Thirteen percent of patients discontinued vinorelbine due to adverse reactions. The most frequent adverse reactions leading to vinorelbine discontinuation were asthenia, dyspnea, nausea, constipation, anorexia, myasthenia and fever. Table 1: Hematologic Adverse Reactions Experienced in > 5% of Patients Receiving Vinorelbine *† : * Grade based on modified criteria from the National Cancer Institute version 1. † Patients with NSCLC had not received prior chemotherapy. The majority of the remaining patients had received prior chemotherapy. All Patients (N=365) (%) NSCLC (N=143) (%) Laboratory Hematologic Neutropenia < 2,000 cells/mm 3 90 80 < 500 cells/mm 3 36 29 Leukopenia < 4,000 cells/mm 3 92 81 < 1,000 cells/mm 3 15 12 Thrombocytopenia < 100,000 cells/mm 3 5 4 Anemia < 11 g/dl 83 77 < 8 g/dl 9 1 Hospitalizations due to neutropenic complications 9 8 Table 2: Non-hematologic Adverse Reactions Experienced in ≥ 5% of Patients Receiving Vinorelbine *† : * Grade based on modified criteria from the National Cancer Institute version 1. † Patients with NSCLC had not received prior chemotherapy. The majority of the remaining patients had received prior chemotherapy. ‡ Incidence of paresthesia plus hypesthesia. All Grades Grade 3-4 All Patients (%) NSCLC (%) All Patients (%) NSCLC (%) Laboratory Hepatic AST increased (N=346) 67 54 6 3 Bilirubin increased (N=351) 13 9 7 5 Clinical Nausea 44 34 2 1 Asthenia 36 27 7 5 Constipation 35 29 3 2 Injection site reaction 28 38 2 5 Injection site pain 16 13 2 1 Neuropathy peripheral ‡ 25 20 <2 1 Vomiting 20 15 2 1 Diarrhea 17 13 1 1 Alopecia 12 12 ≤1 1 Phlebitis 7 10 <1 1 Dyspnea 7 3 3 2 Myelosuppression: In clinical trials, Grade 3-4 neutropenia, anemia and thrombocytopenia occurred in 69%, 9% and 1%, respectively of patients receiving single agent vinorelbine. Neutropenia is the major dose-limiting toxicity. Neurotoxicity: Neurotoxicity was most commonly manifested as constipation, paresthesia, hyperesthesia and hyporeflexia. Grade 3 and 4 neuropathy was observed in 1% of the patients receiving single agent vinorelbine. Injection Site Reactions: Injection site reactions, including erythema, pain at injection site and vein discoloration, occurred in approximately one third of patients; 5% were severe. Phlebitis (chemical phlebitis) along the vein proximal to the site of injection was reported in 10% of patients. Cardiovascular Toxicity: Chest pain occurred in 5% of patients; myocardial infarction occurred in ˂0.1% of patients. Pulmonary Toxicity and Respiratory Failure: Dyspnea (shortness of breath) was reported in 3% of patients; it was severe in 2%. Interstitial pulmonary changes were documented. Other: Hemorrhagic cystitis and the syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion were each reported in <1% of patients. In Combination with Cisplatin Table 3 presents the incidence of selected adverse reactions, occurring in ≥10% of vinorelbine treated patients reported in a randomized trial comparing the combination of vinorelbine 25 mg/m 2 administered every week of each 28-day cycle and cisplatin 100 mg/m 2 administered on day 1 of each 28-day cycle versus cisplatin alone at the same dose and schedule in patients with previously untreated NSCLC (Study 1). Patients randomized to vinorelbine plus cisplatin received a median of 3 cycles of treatment and those randomized to cisplatin alone received a median of 2 cycles of treatment. The incidence of Grade 3 and 4 neutropenia was significantly higher in the vinorelbine plus cisplatin arm (82%) compared to the cisplatin alone arm (5%). Thirty-five percent of the eligible patients in the combination arm required treatment discontinuation due to an adverse reaction compared to 19% in the cisplatin alone arm. Four patients in the vinorelbine plus cisplatin arm died of neutropenic sepsis. Seven additional deaths were reported in the combination arm: 2 from cardiac ischemia, 1 cerebrovascular accident, 1 multisystem failure due to an overdose of vinorelbine and 3 from febrile neutropenia. Table 3: Adverse Reactions Experienced by ≥ 10% of Patients on Vinorelbine plus Cisplatin versus Single Agent Cisplatin * * Graded according to the standard SWOG criteria version 1. † Categorical toxicity grade not specified Vinorelbine 25mg/m 2 plus Cisplatin 100 mg/m 2 (N=212) Cisplatin 100 mg/m 2 (N=210) All Grades (%) Grades 3 – 4 (%) All Grades (%) Grades 3-4 (%) Laboratory Hematologic Neutropenia 89 82 26 5 Anemia 89 24 72 <8 Leukopenia 88 58 31 <1 Thrombocytopenia 29 5 21 <2 Febrile neutropenia † N/A 11 N/A 0 Renal Blood creatinine increased 37 4 28 <5 Clinical Malaise/Fatigue/Lethargy 67 12 49 8 Vomiting 60 13 60 14 Nausea 58 14 57 12 Decreased appetite 46 0 37 0 Constipation 35 3 16 1 Alopecia 34 0 14 0 Weight decreased 34 1 21 <1 Fever without infection 20 2 4 0 Hearing impaired 18 4 18 <4 Injection site reaction 17 <1 1 0 Diarrhea 17 <3 11 <2 Paraesthesia 17 <1 10 <1 Taste alterations 17 0 15 0 Peripheral numbness 11 2 7 <1 Myalgia/Arthralgia 12 <1 3 <1 Phlebitis/Thrombosis/Embolism 10 3 <1 <1 Weakness 12 <3 7 2 Infection 11 <6 <1 <1 Respiratory tract infection 10 <5 3 3 Table 4 presents the incidence of selected adverse reactions, occurring in ≥10% of vinorelbine treated patients reported in a randomized trial of vinorelbine plus cisplatin, vindesine plus cisplatin and vinorelbine as a single agent in patients with stage III or IV NSCLC who had not received prior chemotherapy. 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Inhibitors of CYP3A4: May cause earlier onset and/or increased severity of adverse reactions ( 7.1 ) 7.1 CYP3A Inhibitors Exercise caution in patients concurrently taking drugs known to inhibit CYP3A. Concurrent administration of vinorelbine with a CYP3A inhibitor may cause an earlier onset and/or an increased severity of adverse reactions.

Lactation: Advise not to breastfeed ( 8.2 )

8.1 Pregnancy Risk Summary Based on findings from animal studies and its mechanism of action [see Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.1 )] , vinorelbine can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. Available human data are insufficient to inform the drug-associated risk of major birth defects, miscarriage, or adverse maternal or fetal outcomes. In animal reproduction studies in mice and rabbits, embryo and fetal toxicity were observed with administration of vinorelbine at doses approximately 0.33 and 0.18 times the human therapeutic dose, respectively (see Data ) . Advise pregnant women of the potential risk to a fetus. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies are 2 to 4% and 15 to 20%, respectively. Data Animal Data In a mouse embryo-fetal development study, administration of a single dose of vinorelbine at a dose level of 9 mg/m 2 or greater (approximately 0.33 times the recommended human dose based on body surface area) was embryotoxic and fetotoxic. Vinorelbine was embryotoxic and fetotoxic to pregnant rabbits when administered every 6 days during the period of organogenesis at doses of 5.5 mg/m 2 (approximately 0.18 times the recommended human dose based on body surface area) or greater. At doses that did not cause maternal toxicity in either species, vinorelbine administration resulted in reduced fetal weight and delayed ossification.

8.2 Lactation Risk Summary There are no data on the presence of vinorelbine in human milk or its effects on the breastfed infant or on milk production. Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in breastfed infants from vinorelbine, advise women not to breastfeed during treatment with vinorelbine and for 9 days after the final dose.

8.3 Females and Males of Reproductive Potential Pregnancy Testing Verify pregnancy status in females of reproductive potential prior to initiating vinorelbine [see Use in Specific Populations ( 8.1 )]. Contraception Females Vinorelbine can cause fetal harm when administered to pregnant women [see Use in Specific Populations ( 8.1 )] . Advise female patients of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with vinorelbine and for 6 months after the final dose. Males Vinorelbine may damage spermatozoa [see Nonclinical Toxicology ( 13.1 )]. Advise males with female sexual partners of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with vinorelbine and for 3 months after the final dose. Infertility Males Based on animal findings, vinorelbine may impair fertility in males [see Nonclinical Toxicology ( 13.1 )].

8.4 Pediatric Use The safety and effectiveness of vinorelbine in pediatric patients have not been established. Results from a single-arm study of vinorelbine administered at the dose of 33.75 mg/m 2 (for 35 patients) or at the dose of 30 mg/m 2 (for 11 patients) every week for 6 weeks followed by 2 weeks of rest were evaluated (courses of 8 weeks). Forty-six patients age 1 to 25 (median 11 years) with recurrent solid malignant tumors, including rhabdomyosarcoma or undifferentiated sarcoma (N=21 patients), neuroblastoma (N= 4 patients) and central nervous system (CNS) tumors (N=21 patients), were enrolled. The most significant grade 3 or 4 hematological adverse reactions were neutropenia (70%) and anemia (33%). The most significant grade 3 or 4 non-hematological adverse reactions were motor (15%) or cranial (13%) neuropathy, hypoxia (13%) and dyspnea (11%). Objective tumor response was observed in 2 out of 21 patients with rhabdomyosarcoma or undifferentiated sarcoma. No objective tumor response was observed in patients with CNS tumors (N=21) or neuroblastoma (N=4).

8.5 Geriatric Use Of the 769 number of patients who received vinorelbine as a single agent and in combination with cisplatin in studies 1, 2 and 3, 247 patients were 65 years of age or older. No overall differences in safety, efficacy and pharmacokinetic parameters were observed between these patients and younger patients [see Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.3 )] .

8.6 Hepatic Impairment The influence of hepatic impairment on the pharmacokinetics of vinorelbine has not been evaluated, but the liver plays an important role in the metabolism of vinorelbine. Elevated AST occurs in >60% of the patients receiving vinorelbine as a single agent (6% Grade 3-4). Therefore, exercise caution in patients with hepatic impairment. Reduce the dose of vinorelbine for patients with elevated serum total bilirubin concentrations [see Dosage and Administration ( 2.2 ) and Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 )] .

Vinorelbine is a vinca alkaloid that interferes with microtubule assembly. The antitumor activity of vinorelbine is thought to be due primarily to inhibition of mitosis at metaphase through its interaction with tubulin. Vinorelbine may also interfere with: 1) amino acid, cyclic AMP and glutathione metabolism, 2) calmodulin-dependent Ca++-transport ATPase activity, 3) cellular respiration, and 4) nucleic acid and lipid biosynthesis. Vinorelbine inhibited mitotic microtubule formation in intact mouse embryo tectal plates at a concentration of 2 μM inducing a blockade of cells at metaphase, but produced depolymerization of axonal microtubules at a concentration 40 μM, suggesting a modest selectivity of vinorelbine for mitotic microtubules.